$2025$ - $2026$ 学年 医学科学素养Ⅱ 期末测试
基础医学专业课 回忆卷
原卷中英文分布与该卷相同, 共 25 道题目. 可携带计算器. 满分 100 分, 时间 2 小时
一、选择题 (\(50\) 分)¶
共 20 题，每题四个选项，每题 2.5 分
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下面哪个不是文献检索的目的
A. 促进信息交流
B. 提高科研效率
C. 增加文献数目
D. 促进学术交流
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以下关于 PubMed 的说法错误的是
A. 由 NCBI 开发，由美国国家图书馆 (NLM) 维护
B. 主要收录生物医学及相关领域的文献
C. 支持使用 MeSH 进行主题词检索以增加效率
D. 所有文献均可免费获取全文
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以下关于 MeSH 说法错误的是
A. MeSH 是 Medical Subject Headings 的缩写
B. MeSH 采用树状层级结构，包含主题词、副主题词等
C. 所有的文献都有 MeSH 主题词
D. 在检索 MeSH 主题词 (term) 时可以匹配到多个关键词 (key word)
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在文献检索中, 若检索结果过多, 可采取以下哪些策略缩小范围
A. 使用布尔逻辑运算符 (AND、OR、NOT) 组合关键词
B. 使用双引号 (" ") 进行精确短语检索
C. 利用字段限定符 (如 [AU] 表示作者，[TI] 表示标题) 限制检索范围
D. 以上三个都可以
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Web of Science 的结果分析功能可用于
A. 识别某一研究课题涉及的主要学科领域
B. 查找在该研究方向上具有影响力的机构
C. 发现在该研究方向上高产且具有学术影响力的作者
D. 以上均可
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A new drug trial reports a p-value of 0.03. This means
A. There is a 3% probability of making a Type I error if the null hypothesis is true
B. The probability that the null hypothesis is true is 0.03
C. There is a 97% chance that the drug is effective
D. The result is not statistically significant at the α = 0.05 level
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Which of the following measures is most affected by outliers
A. Mode
B. Mean
C. Median
D. Interquartile Range (IQR)
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Sensitivity refers to
A. The proportion of people with the disease who test positive
B. The proportion of people without the disease who test negative
C. The probability that a positive test result truly indicates disease
D. The ratio of true positives to false positives
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In a comparison between a new drug and placebo, the 95% confidence interval for the difference in recovery time is (1.2, 4.5) days. Which statement is most appropriate
A. There is a 95% probability that the true difference lies between 1.2 and 4.5 days
B. We can be 95% confident that this specific interval contains the true population difference
C. The result is not statistically significant because the interval is too wide
D. The drug is highly effective because the 95% confidence interval does not include 0
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The number of accidents per month follows a distribution with a mean of 2. What is the probability of observing zero accidents in a given month
A. 0.1353
B. 0.2707
C. 0.3679
D. 0.0183
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A Type I error occurs when
A. The null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true
B. The null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false
C. The alternative hypothesis is accepted when it is true
D. The study has insufficient statistical power
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In a case-control study, the best measure of association to use is
A. Relative Risk (RR)
B. Absolute Risk Reduction
C. Odds Ratio (OR)
D. Number Needed to Treat
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In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within ±1 standard deviation of the mean
A. 50%
B. 68%
C. 95%
D. 99.7%
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What is the primary purpose of blinding in a clinical trial
A. To increase sample size
B. To reduce bias in the assessment of outcomes
C. To ensure random allocation of participants
D. To guarantee that the study is ethical
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Which type of graph is most suitable for displaying the relationship between two continuous variables
A. Bar chart
B. Histogram
C. Box plot
D. Scatter plot
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Researchers want to compare the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) between two independent groups of patients: one receiving a new antihypertensive drug and the other receiving standard care. Which test is most appropriate for this analysis
A. Two-sample independent t-test
B. Paired t-test
C. Chi-square test
D. One-way ANOVA
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A study investigates the mean of heart rate. Resting heart rate is measured in the same group volunteers before and after consuming a standardized dose of caffeine. Which test should be used to assess whether caffeine significantly changes heart rate?
A. Two-sample independent t-test
B. Paired t-test
C. Chi-square test
D. Mann-Whitney U test
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Researchers compare median of recovery time between two treatments for a viral infection: Drug A and Drug B. The recovery time data are highly right-skewed. Which test is most suitable for comparing the central tendency of recovery time between the two groups?
A. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test
B. Chi-square test
C. Kruskal-Wallis test
D. Fisher's exact test
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Researchers want to compare the median hemoglobin levels of patients admitted to three different hospitals. Hemoglobin values in all three groups are not normally distributed, which test is most appropriate to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in median hemoglobin levels across the three hospitals
A. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test
B. Kruskal-Wallis test
C. Paired t-test
D. Chi-square test
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In one-way ANOVA, the null hypothesis states that
A. At least one group mean is different
B. All group means are equal
C. All group variances are equal
D. The groups are dependent
二、简答题 （\(50\) 分）¶
共 5 题 (keep two decimals during your calculation).
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Cell Phone Radiation
The specific absorption rate of cell phone radiation is measured in watts per kilogram (W/kg). A sample of 11 cell phones yields the following SAR values1.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 1.3, 1.2, 1.4, 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.2
1) Find the mean, median, standard deviation, variance, and range of this data set. Also, are these results statistics or parameters (6')
2) Find amounts of radiation separating those that are significantly low and those that are significantly high. Is the lowest listed value significantly low (4')
3) Is this data set continuous or discrete (1')
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Touch Therapy
A nine-year-old girl named Emily Rosa conducted an experiment to test whether touch therapy practitioners could detect a human energy field. In 280 trials, TT practitioners correctly identified the hand chosen by Emily in 123 trials. (A close look at therapeutic touch. JAMA. 1998 Apr 1;279(13):1005-10.)1) If practitioners were merely guessing at random (as if flipping a fair coin), what is the theoretical probability of a correct guess (1')
2) Based on the sample results, what is the best point estimate of the true success rate for touch therapy practitioners (1')
3) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of correct responses made by therapeutic touch practitioners (5')
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Sleep Duration Study
To investigate whether a certain group of adults is sleeping less than recommended, a random sample of \(n = 12\) individuals was selected, the sample mean is \(\bar{x} = 6.83\) hours and the sample standard deviation is \(s = 1.99\) hours
Their origginal reported nightly sleep durations (in hours) are4, 8, 4, 4, 8, 6, 9, 7, 7, 10, 7, 8
Public health guidelines commonly recommend that adults sleep between 7 and 9 hours per night
At the \(\alpha = 0.05\) significance level, test whether the population mean sleep duration is less than 7 hours1) State the null hypothesis (2')
2) Calculate the appropriate test statistic (3')
3) Make the conclusion (2')
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BMI and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
A study investigates whether Body Mass Index (BMI) can predict Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels. Data from 12 adults are shown belowParticipant BMI
( \(\text{kg/m}^2\) )FBG
( \(\text{mg/dL}\) )1 19 85 2 20 90 3 21 88 4 22 95 5 23 100 6 24 96 7 25 105 8 26 112 9 27 115 10 28 118 11 29 122 12 30 128 SUM 294 1254 MEAN 24.5 104.5 \(\sum (x - \bar{x})^2\) 143 2253 1) Fit a simple linear regression model and report the estimated regression equation (\(\widehat{\text{FBG}} = b \cdot \text{BMI} + a\)) (4')
2) Test whether BMI significantly predicts FBG using an F-test at \(\alpha = 0.05\) (8')
3) Use the fitted regression model to predict the FBG level for an individual with BMI = 26 kg/m² (2')
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Supplement Use and Common Cold
A cohort of 200 adults was observed over winter to assess whether supplement use is associated with incidence of the common cold. The observed frequencies areCold (Yes) Cold (No) Row Total Supplement 25 75 100 No Supplement 40 60 100 Col Total 65 135 200 The researcher wishes to test, at the \(\alpha = 0.05\) level, whether supplement use and cold incidence are independent
Please fill in the following table with expected frequencies and perform a Chi-square test (11')
Cold (Yes) Cold (No) Supplement No Supplement